Introduction
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Self-harm, also referred to as Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), is a serious global public health issue, particularly among adolescents. Around one in seven individuals aged 10-19 suffer from a mental disorder, and self-harm has emerged as a strong predictor of suicide, which is the third leading cause of death among those aged 15-29. NSSI involves the deliberate harming of one's body, such as cutting or burning, without the intention of committing suicide. Many people engage in self-harm as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions, feelings of disconnection, or traumatic experiences.
A strong connection exists between self-harm and trauma. Individuals who have experienced bullying, abuse, parental conflict, or feelings of exclusion are more likely to engage in self-harming behaviors. Those with traumatic pasts often struggle to find healthier ways to process their emotional pain, either due to a lack of support or an inability to express their distress.
Self-harm is increasingly prevalent, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Studies show that 17-20% of teenagers worldwide and 24% of high school girls in the U.S. have engaged in self-harm at least once. Though the act of self-harm is not intended to result in death, it significantly increases the risk of suicide. Females, as well as individuals from marginalized groups such as transgender and non-binary communities, are particularly vulnerable to self-harm. These individuals often face societal pressures, unrealistic beauty standards, and discrimination, which contribute to feelings of inadequacy and self-hatred.
One of the main reasons people engage in self-harm is to manage their emotions. Many who self-harm struggle with emotional regulation, using self-inflicted pain as a way to cope with negative feelings such as sadness, anger, or emotional numbness. This behavior serves both intrapersonal purposes, such as alleviating emotional pain, and social purposes, such as seeking support or fitting in with peers.
On a biological level, self-harm may activate the body’s natural pain-relief mechanisms by releasing endorphins, temporarily soothing emotional distress. This physiological response can reinforce the behavior, making it difficult to stop. Social and psychological factors, including childhood trauma, emotional neglect, and societal expectations, also play a major role in self-harming behavior. For some, self-harm becomes a way to assert control over their emotions and bodies, especially when they feel misunderstood or invalidated. Read the full article on psychologynepal.com